Following an in depth study conducted by the National Centre for Social Research (NCSR) and the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), it has been discovered that only one in four people making financial gifts are aware of the risks of inheritance tax. Further to this, they found that only 45% of gifters reported being aware of inheritance tax rules and exemptions when they gave their largest gift.

A staggeringly low 8% of respondents considered tax rules before making a financial gift and most did not associate gifting with inheritance tax. When compared with the fact that over half of respondents said that they planned to leave inheritance, it’s obvious that there seems to be a gap in gifter’s knowledge.

For those who were aware of the rules surrounding inheritance tax, 54% said this influenced the value of their largest gift. This was most prevalent amongst affluent taxpayers who had assets of £500,000 or more. Respondents below this threshold had more limited knowledge of the long-term effects of inheritance tax, the seven-year rule or the annual limit on gifts.

So, where does the money go?

80% of gifters gave to individuals, with charities coming in second at around 10%. The most common beneficiaries were adult children, followed by 15% giving to parents or other family members and 14% making gifts to friends. The most popular reasons were presents for birthdays and weddings.

The data also suggested that even when individuals considered inheritance tax rulings, it did not deter them from giving the gift.

The rules

You can give away £3,000 worth of gifts each tax year (6 April to 5 April) without them being added to the value of your estate. This is known as your ‘annual exemption’. You can carry any unused annual exemption forward to the next year – but only for one year.

For smaller gifts, you can give as many gifts of up to £250 per person as you want during the tax year as long as you have not used another exemption on the same person.

The current starting threshold for inheritance tax for a single person is set at £325,000. This amount is then doubled for married couples and civil partners, who also have the additional benefit of the residential nil-rate band, which allows for a further £150,000 of tax-free, property-based inheritance per person. This particular allowance is set to rise to £175,000 as of the 6th of April 2020.

An unsuccessful PET is taxed depending on how long the gifter has lived following the giving of the gift and is referred to as ‘taper relief.’ If a gift is given less than three years before death, the full rate of 40% is applied to the gift, tapering off to 8% if the gift was given between six to seven years before death.

However, this is not the case when it comes to transactions with a reservation of benefit. For example, if you give away your home to your children and continue to occupy it rent-free, the property is still considered as forming part of your estate immediately if the worst were to happen. An individual cannot retain possession of a chattel or property whilst making a PET.

Though it may be difficult to plan for the worst, knowing how to best mitigate the tax surrounding gifts and inheritance can help you make key financial decisions at the most opportune moments, and prevent any avoidable losses when it comes to sharing your assets with the people and organisations that matter most to you.

If you read the financial press, this is big news. ‘Star fund manager’, Neil Woodford, stopped investors withdrawing money out of his Woodford Equity Income Fund on 4th June, after the sum total of investment withdrawn from the fund reached a staggering £560m in less than four weeks. Kent County Council wanted to withdraw a further £263m, but was unable to do so before trading halted.

Investment analysts have attributed this action to the significant poor performance of the fund over recent months. Neil Woodford was once the darling fund manager who could do no wrong. A few years ago he was riding high when he left his employer, Invesco Perpetual, to set up his own company, Woodford Funds. With a reputation for having the midas touch, he’d built a large following amongst both retail and institutional investors, many of whom followed him to his new venture.

Once the blue-eyed boy, his public apology probably hasn’t gone far enough in the minds of some investors who are unable to withdraw their funds and are now nursing significant losses.

There are a number of issues at play here which, as advisers, we seek to address when managing client portfolios.  

Don’t put all your eggs in one basket

Investing is about managing risk and diversification is a key part of this. Committing all your money to one investment manager is never a great idea. By selecting a range of funds, we spread the risk within portfolios.

Good governance is essential

A robust governance process is important when managing client portfolios. When selecting funds as part of a portfolio, our established investment governance process ensures that these are regularly reviewed and action is taken where and when appropriate. This framework ensures that we act early on managing any potential risks that may impact portfolio performance.

Asset allocation is a key driver to performance

It is not just about selecting the right funds. When constructing client portfolios, we take into account the importance of asset allocation. This is the split between different types of investments such as UK and overseas equities, fixed interest and cash.  Asset allocation is as important as fund selection.

Follow the fund, not the manager

Fund managers are human, they don’t get it right all the time. The most sensible approach is to consider the fundamentals governing the fund itself, not the individual investment manager. We want to understand the answers to questions such as what process and approach does the fund take to manage risk and the stock selection process? What governance process and framework is in place to ensure a fund delivers against its stated objectives. Fund managers can be flavour of the month, it’s the fundamentals of the fund itself that provide better insight.

The idea of retiring in your 50s or even your 40s sounds like a pipe-dream to most, what with the increased cost of living, inflation and other economic factors slowly eating away at your predicted earnings. This hasn’t stopped the rise of the FIRE (Financial Independence Retire Early) movement, though, a new method of frugal living that aims for early retirement, escaping long working lives and living off the stock market or other supplementary income for good.

One of the most infamous experiments carried out by Stanford University is the marshmallow experiment, where a pair of psychologists gave children a choice: one reward now, or two rewards if they waited around 15 minutes. Some of the children took the early reward of a marshmallow. Others struggled, but managed to wait longer, occupying themselves until it was time to receive a double reward.

Saving for retirement can be very similar to the lesson in delayed gratification, only more difficult. The children knew what reward awaited them should they be patient – most adults don’t have a clue if their savings will be enough for the future. When the reward is intangible or complicated, it’s even more difficult to set limits now in the hope of future benefits.

So, how do you do it?

Keep your spending in-house

From small seeds of saving do sturdy trees of retirement grow. Simply put, it’s good to aim small when beginning your savings journey. That £2.65 coffee from your local coffee shop is now going to be an instant in the office. No more eating out for lunch, it’s time for homemade meals to be brought into work with you. Cutting out the small daily expenses can really help boost your long term savings and help usher in that desired early retirement. Let’s take our £2.65 coffee for example, the average UK citizen works around 260 days a year – that’s £689 a year!

Shop around

Saving money where you can on bills, transport and other outgoings can help to grow your retirement pot quickly and without too much skin off your nose. Ask yourself whether you really need that magazine subscription or streaming service. Can you find a better deal on your phone or energy contract? The answer is often yes.

Take advantage of saving opportunities

So many different ISAs exist out there, all with different saving rates that can help you grow your savings. The government has recently introduced a new Lifetime ISA where every £1,000 that you contribute receives a 25% bonus added by the government, up to a maximum of £1,000, which could potentially give you an extra £1,000 per year in savings.

Decide what your goals are

Ready for some serious saving? By saving £800 a month towards your retirement, you potentially shave two decades off your working life, depending on what your retirement goals are.

And there’s the big question. What are your retirement goals? Do you want to live a life of luxury, enjoying all the potential freedoms that your new found free time will have to offer? Or would you rather have a comfortable yet frugal retirement. There’s a whole range of options available to you, and your retirement goals will help to inform you of how much you need to save and invest. A financial adviser can be a great help in determining this factor as they can give you direction on what the ideal savings plan is for you.

At the end of it all, the message is to save when and where you can. It’s about growing your savings and securing your finances.

For more information, do get in touch, we’d love to hear from you.

Mark Twain is reported to have said that “if voting made any difference, they wouldn’t let us do it.”

For many years that appeared to be the case with European Union elections, with MEPs unable to propose legislation and therefore essentially operating as the proverbial rubber stamp. Perhaps because of this apparent lack of impact, voter turnout has gradually reduced across the EU, from a high of almost 62% in 1979 to just 42.61% in 2014.

But 2019 could be the year all that changes. The results of the voting – held across Europe between May 23^rd and 26^th – were expected to herald a change, with the ‘Populist’ parties in countries such as Germany, France, Italy and the UK predicted to make gains.

That turned out to be the case – and in this special report we look at the results, both in the UK and Europe, what they might mean for the future and, even more significantly, what they might mean for your savings and investments.

Before the results: Theresa May admits defeat

There was plenty of drama before the European elections when Theresa May bowed to the inevitable and announced her decision to stand down as Conservative leader and Prime Minister. Had she not done so, the European election results would surely have sealed her fate. Mrs May had failed to get her proposed Brexit deal through the House of Commons and her resignation was the signal that she no longer expected there to be any chance of doing so successfully.

At the time of writing, there are ten candidates to be our next Prime Minister, with Boris Johnson the somewhat uneasy favourite. He has stated that the UK will leave the EU on October 31^st ‘with or without a deal’ and that has triggered the inevitable ‘Get Boris’ headlines and dire warnings – not least from Chancellor Philip Hammond – about the consequences of a no deal Brexit.

Will the electorate heed what appears to be a very clear message from the European election results? No doubt we will find out over the weeks and months ahead, as the Conservative leadership race comes to a conclusion and the direction of the party becomes clearer. Currently, however, as we have commented below, ‘crisis’ is barely an adequate word to describe the current state of the Conservative party, and it is difficult to see a way out of it.

The UK results

The results in the UK – among the main parties – were as follows (with the figures showing the seats won and the percentage of the vote gained)

The Brexit Party (TBP)             29        31.6%

Liberal Democrats                            16        20.3%

Labour                                                 10        14.1%

Greens                                                 7          12.1%

Conservatives                         4          9.1%

SNP                                                      3          3.6%

The immediate conclusions are obvious. Whatever your personal feelings, it is a remarkable result for Nigel Farage and The Brexit Party. A political party which barely existed two months ago not only won comfortably, it is now – along with Angela Merkel’s Christian Democrats – the joint-largest party in the European Parliament.

It was also a good result for the Liberal Democrats and the Greens, which mirrored the ‘Green Surge’ across Europe. It is a bad result for the Labour Party and a disastrous result for the Conservatives, the party’s worst result in a national election since 1832.

Very evidently, those parties which had a clear message did well: the main parties in the UK – if we can still call them that – did not have a clear message and did correspondingly badly.

How much should we read into the results in the UK? Was it a victory for Leave? A victory for Remain? A clear indication of the wish for a second referendum? The various parties and the commentators tried to spin the results every way they could, with both sides claiming victory.

Whether the results give a clue to a possible second referendum result or a future general election seems to be open to some level of doubt. The UK turnout was up on 2014’s turnout (35.6%), but only to 36.9%. In total, 17.2m voted – less than voted ‘Leave’ in the 2016 referendum – so as a guide to the future, it may be best to treat the UK’s European election results cautiously.

So what happens next in the UK?

Our 73 new MEPs will take their place in the European parliament and attention will turn back to the race to be the next Prime Minister. Theresa May will formally resign on Friday June 7^th and potential candidates must be nominated and seconded by June 10^th.

Conservative MPs will then vote on the candidates, holding a succession of votes until – under the current rules – only two candidates remain, who are then put forward to the party membership. There are some suggestions that the rules might be changed to allow four candidates to go forward, with an eventual winner being declared before the end of July.

And now we come to the word ‘crisis’. The European election results would appear to strengthen the hand of those Conservative candidates prepared to countenance leaving the EU without a deal. But there is very evidently no majority in parliament for leaving without a deal, so the candidates likely to appeal to the Conservative voter base could also be the candidates likely to precipitate a General Election. Here, though, is the crux of the matter as, going by current election performance, if a General Election were to be held tomorrow, the Conservative party would likely face losing hundreds of seats. Quite how our governing party finds a way forward from here is currently anyone’s guess, although we will at least start to hear ideas from the leadership candidates now that it is an open race for Prime Minister.

The results in Europe

First of all, more people voted than in the UK – the overall turnout figure across Europe was 51%, marking the first time turnout has increased year on year in European election history.

But, in many ways, it was exactly the same story as in the UK with impressive results for nationalist parties and the Greens, and the parties which have traditionally formed the ‘Grand Coalition’ – the Centre-Right and Centre-Left groupings – seeing their numbers significantly reduced.

In Germany, Angela Merkel’s CDU slipped from 35% of the vote in 2014 to 28.7%, with the centre-left Social Democrats faring even worse as their vote fell from 27% to 15.6%. The right wing AfD won 10.8% of the vote – perhaps not doing quite as well as expected – but the Greens had a stellar result, easily taking second place with 20.7%.

The big news in France was that Marine Le Pen’s National Rally party defeated Emmanuel Macron – who had campaigned on his personal vision of an even more integrated Europe – by 24% to 22.5%.

In Italy, Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini stated that “Europe is changing” as his populist League party won 34.3% of the vote to comfortably top the poll. There were also nationalist gains in both Hungary and Poland, while in Greece, the ruling Syriza party was well beaten, prompting Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras to call an early general election.

How did the markets react?

It was not quite a case of the elections having absolutely no impact, but neither the pound nor the stock market have been sent into a tailspin by the European election results.

The FT-SE 100 index of leading shares closed April at 7,418. At the time of writing (8:30 on Tuesday morning), it stands down 1.6% at 7,293. Germany’s DAX index closed April at 12,344 and is now at 12,089 – a fall of 2%. But you would suspect that both these falls have rather more to do with the re-escalation of the US/China trade dispute and its consequences for world trade, than they have to do with the European election results. 

The pound, having ended April at $1.3041, had fallen to around $1.27 amid the continuing uncertainty over Brexit and Theresa May’s resignation. At 8am on Monday, it was trading at $1.2742 and is now trading at $1.2675. Again, the fact that Brexit may not be settled any time soon appears to be impacting the pound far more than the election results.

What does all this mean for your savings and investments?

As we have said many times in our notes and bulletins to clients, stock markets like certainty. Over the last three years, certainty is the one thing we haven’t had and we are certainly not going to see any certainty in the immediate future. 

We won’t know who the new Prime Minister is until the end of July, at which point there will be just three months to go until the latest deadline for leaving the European Union. All the noises from Europe are that the Withdrawal Agreement will not be re-negotiated, so the new PM will face three months of tough negotiating – in both Brussels and Westminster.

Meanwhile, the world will keep turning. As George Osborne always said when he was Chancellor, events around the world are at least as important to the UK economy as events at home, and – as we have mentioned above – the US/China trade dispute continues to rumble on. And when the dust has settled from these elections, several European economies will continue to have fundamental problems.

So there will, as always, be plenty of bumps in the road ahead. However, we have called this report ‘A Clear Message’: having stated that those parties who had a clear message did well in the European elections, let us leave you with an equally clear message.

We will always be here to keep you up to date with developments and to answer any questions you may have. Remember, too, that saving and investing is a long term commitment. After the European election results it appears that some of our politicians may not be here for the long term: rest assured that your financial advisers very definitely will be.

The treasury has made a promise that since the mismanagement of private pension transfers from the British Steel Pension Scheme (BSPS), the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) will make an effort to “stamp out bad practice.” So what exactly happened, and what comes next?

Members of the (Defined Benefit) BSPS were given the choice to transfer to a new scheme, sponsored by Tata Steel UK but with lower indexation, or to go into the Pension Protection Fund (PPF), the UK’s pension lifeboat fund which cuts benefits by 10% for those who are yet to retire. 83,000 of the scheme’s 122,000 members opted to transfer to the new BSPS with reduced benefits (but higher payments than those that transferred to the PPF) but roughly 2,600 members requested a transfer from the (DB) BSPS to private arrangements.

The advice that these 2,600 people received is under fire for being unsuitable. In fact, the FCA investigated 18 firms and found that only 48.1% of all pension transfer advice given could be considered “suitable”.

The FCA is a financial regulatory body operating independently of the UK Government. It’s financed by charging fees to members of the financial services industry. Specifically, it regulates financial firms (both retail and wholesale) which provide services to consumers and thereby maintains the integrity of the financial markets in the United Kingdom.

Officially, its role includes: “protecting consumers, keeping the industry stable, and promoting healthy competition between financial service providers.” But what’s changed to help curb the chances of this happening again? In the words of John Glen, the Economic Secretary to HM Treasury; “The new rules on pension transfers provide advisers with a framework to better enable them to give good quality advice, so that consumers can make better informed decisions”

As for your pension, most DB schemes, as well as the defined portion of hybrid pension schemes based in the UK, are eligible for protection, however there are some exceptions. If you’re unsure about your scheme, the Pension Protection Fund provides a full list of qualifiers and conditions at https://www.ppf.co.uk/your-scheme-eligible.

Equity release is no longer the niche lending area it once was. More and more homeowners over 55 are choosing to release cash tied up in their homes and there are few signs of this trend subsiding.

Lending in 2018 increased by 27% compared to the previous year and is now nearly double what it was in 2016. It’s likely that the UK’s growing elderly population, where many don’t have the pension security of generations past, is partly behind this expansion. The growing variety of equity release products on the market could also be a factor. Newer products mean that homeowners are able to gradually release money from their property, rather than taking it as a lump sum.

Is it a risky option?

Equity release doesn’t exactly have a squeaky clean reputation. There have been past accusations of mis-selling and there are occasions where relatives find themselves receiving less inheritance than they might have expected.

Because of the way interest accumulates over the years, people can end up owing a large amount of money that is paid back from the value of the property when a person dies or goes into care.

Whether equity release is a suitable solution really depends on a person’s individual financial and personal circumstances.

As well as getting sound financial advice beforehand, it’s always best to be open with loved ones about releasing equity from your property. Two in three complaints to the Financial Ombudsman about equity release come from relatives of people who have died or gone into care. It can save a lot of upset later on to be open about releasing cash from a property when you do it, rather than further down the line.

The bottom line is that equity release can play a crucial role in supporting a full retirement, alongside pensions, savings and other assets, for the right homeowner. Since homes are most people’s largest asset, it makes sense to at least consider how this asset can be used to fund retirement. Downsizing in later life is another way of releasing money from your home. If you have any questions about ways you can increase your financial security in later life, please get in touch with us directly.

Planning for retirement can be complicated, as anyone approaching the end of their working life will tell you. However, navigating the myriad of choices, both financially and socially, doesn’t have to be such an enigma. Here are a few tips to help you avoid common bad habits that retirees often fall into:

1. Spending your pension fund money

Yes, that’s right. If you delay spending your pension and spend other available cash and investments first, you could keep your money safe from the taxman. Not spending your pension fund money until you have to may also help the beneficiaries of your estate avoid a large inheritance tax bill.

2. Taking the full brunt of inheritance tax

Inheritance tax can cost your loved ones vast sums if you were to pass away. There are plenty of ways to protect them from losing a large portion of your estate. Strategies such as making gifts or leaving assets to your spouse are an effective way to avoid the tax, among other valuable strategies.

3. Failing to have a plan

Many retirees have multiple avenues of income to provide for them during retirement. Making the most out of those streams of revenue is key to a stress free retirement, as unwise investment or poor planning can lead to unnecessary worries. We recommend contacting a financial adviser in order to set out a plan that’ll let you focus less on worrying about income and more on enjoying your well-earned retirement.

4. Not taking advantage of the discounts

There is an absolute boatload of price slashes available to retirees over a certain age. This ranges from discounts on train fares to reduced prices of cinema tickets. We recommend that all pensioners takes full advantage of these discounts as every penny saved provides more financial security for yourself and your loved ones.

5. Thinking property is the only asset worth having

Property can be a valuable source of retirement revenue, but it’s not the only way to create more income. Property can often incur maintenance expenses for landlords and take up time to resolve that could be spent making the most out of your retirement (though there are many pros and cons to the pension vs property discussion).

6. Buying into scams

When you retire, it seems that all kinds of people come crawling out of the woodwork to give you a “great” investment opportunity or insurance policy. Tactics can include contact out of the blue with promises of high / guaranteed returns and pressure to act quickly. The pensions regulator has a comprehensive pensions scam guide that’s definitely worth a read.

The cruise market offering has changed enormously in recent years, where once it was purely the domain of cabaret cheese and bad karaoke, now there’s something on offer for everyone (don’t worry, though, if you love cabaret and karaoke, that’s still an option). Whatever your tastes and priorities, you won’t be hard pressed to find a cruise to suit your needs.

Cruises have always been a popular choice for retirees but with the new potential for personalisation, they’re more popular than ever, with over 26 million passengers carried worldwide in 2018 alone. So what is it that makes taking to the seas such an attractive prospect?

1) Flexibility

From 6 April 2019, minimum contributions from employers and staff increase. This applies to all employers with staff in a pension scheme for automatic enrolment. If you aren’t enrolled in an automatic pension scheme or you and your employer are already paying above the increased amounts, this increase doesn’t apply to you.

The old minimum rates were 2% of your pre-tax salary from your employer and 3% of your own pre-tax salary, a total of 5% of salary. This has risen to 3% from employers and 5% from staff, totalling 8% of overall salary. Your employer may already be contributing more than the minimum, meaning your own contributions won’t have to be upped so much to make the minimum 8% contribution.

While this will mean slightly less take-home pay, you are effectively getting a pay rise as your employer will be giving you more money than you would otherwise have got. This said, you won’t be able to use this money until you are 55, in most cases.